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Wayzata World Factbook 1996
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The World Factbook - 1996 Edition - Wayzata Technology (3079) (1996).iso
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The Liberation Tigers of Tamil Eelam (LTTE)
Other known front organizations: World Tamil Association (WTA), World Tamil
Movement (WTM), the Federation of Associations of Canadian Tamils (FACT)
Description
Founded in 1976, the LTTE is the most powerful group in Sri Lanka and uses
overt and illegal methods to raise funds, acquire weapons, and publicize its
cause of establishing an independent Tamil state. The LTTE began its armed
conflict with the Sri Lankan government in 1983 and relies on a guerrilla
strategy that includes the use of terrorist tactics.
Activities
The Tigers have integrated a battlefield insurgent strategy with a terrorist
program that targets not only key personnel in the countryside but also
senior Sri Lankan political and military leaders in Colombo. Political
assassinations have become commonplace and culminated in May 1993 with the
fatal bombing of President Ranasinghe Premadasa. Other key figures
assassinated since 1990 include moderate Tamil leader A. Amirthalingam
(1990), Cabinet Minister Ranjan Wijeratne (1990), former Indian Prime
Minister Rajiv Gandhi (1991), Army General Denzil Kobbakaduwa (1992), Navy
Chief Vice Admiral Clancy Fernando (1992), and opposition party leader
Lalith Athulathmudali.
Strength
Approximately 10,000 armed combatants in Sri Lanka; about three to six
thousand form a trained cadre of fighters. The LTTE also has a significant
overseas support structure for fundraising, weapons procurement, and
propaganda activities.
Location/Area of Operation
The Tigers control most of the northern and eastern coastal areas of Sri
Lanka but have conducted operations throughout the island. Headquartered in
the Jaffna peninsula, LTTE leader Velupillai Prabhakaran has established an
extensive network of checkpoints and informants to keep track of any
"outsiders" who enter the group's area of control. The LTTE prefers to
attack vulnerable government facilities, then withdraw before reinforcements
arrive.
External aid
The LTTE's overt organizations support Tamil separatism by lobbying foreign
governments and the United Nations. The LTTE also uses its international
contacts to procure weapons, communications, and bomb-making equipment. The
LTTE exploits large Tamil communities in North America, Europe, and Asia to
obtain funds and supplies for its fighters in Sri Lanka. Information
obtained since the mid-1980s indicates that some Tamil communities in Europe
are also involved in narcotics smuggling. Tamils historically have served
as drug couriers moving narcotics into Europe.
May 1995:
50,000 people - soldiers, rebels and civilians have been killed in this struggle.
May 1995:
23 soldiers killed, mortars and ammunition captured by LTTE.
April 1995:
90 people killed when two separate aircraft were shot down by the LTTE.
January 5, 1995:
Truce signed.
Selected Incident Chronology
April 1975 - Claimed responsibility for the murder of Jaffna mayor
Alfred Doriappa.
July 1983 - Ambushed and killed 13 soldiers, setting off island-wide
ethnic riots.
April 1986 - Killed many members of another Tamil group (TELO) after
a week of fighting:
May 1986 - Suspected of organizing the bombing of an Air Lanka
aircraft at Colombo airport, killing 15.
June 1986 - Believed to be behind the placing of a rickshaw
bomb in front of a crowded Colombo movie theater and
exploding time bombs on two buses.
July 1986 - Blamed for placing bombs on buses over a bay period,
causing an estimated 100 deaths.
September 1986 - Murdered a German engineer attached to the
Deutsche Welle radio-relay station.
December 1986 - In one week, attacked and killed over 90 members of
a rival militant group, the Eelam People's
Revolutionary Liberation Front.
February 1987 - Hacked to death 28 sleeping villagers, including
5 women and 10 children in Ampara, Sri Lanka.
April 1987 - Bombed central bus station in Colombo, killing
106 people and wounding 295 others.
April 1987 - Attacked four buses, killing 107 people near the
village of Aluth-Oya.
June 1987 - Attacked a busload of Buddhist monks traveling south
of Batticaloa, killing 29 and wounding 17.
October 1987 - When 12 captured LTTE members committed suicide by
taking cyanide capsules, the group unleashed a wave
of terrorist attacks in reprisal, killing more than
200, including several captured Sri Lankan soldiers.
May 1988 - Planted two landmines in Trincomalee; explosions
killed seven members of the Indian Peacekeeping Force.
March 1992 - 38 soldiers and scores of rebels were killed in
KOKKUTHUDUWAN.
May 1992 - Two high level leaders charged in connection with the
slaying of Prime Minister Rajiv Gandhi. Velupillai Prabhakaran
and Pottu Amman. Pottu Amman, the rebels' intelligence
chief, charged as the main figure in the assassination.
Both guerrilla leaders are in Sri Lanka's northern jungles.
India has banned the Tamil Tiger group.
December 1992 - 10 soldiers and 18 separatist guerrillas were
were killed in Nanaddan. More than 17,500 people have
been killed since 1983.